Obstaja več tehnik za spodbujanje ustvarjalnega mišljenja v timih in ena od njih je tudi SCAMPER. Tovrstne metode omogočajo efektivnejše sestanke in spodbujajo ideje, ki so vredne uresničitve.

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Avtorica: Aleksandra Erjavec

Ustvarjalnost je v prejšnjem desetletju začenjala postajati vse pomembnejša, zato skušajo menedžerji na različne načine združiti znanje, spretnosti ustvarjalnega mišljenja in motivacijo, da bi pri zaposlenih dosegli čim višjo ustvarjalnost (Gomes Lopes, 2017).

Ena izmed tehnik generiranja idej je SCAMPER (Osborn, 1963 v Tsai, 2019), ki jo je Eberle (1972) razvil z namenom povečati zanimanje za zaznavne in ustvarjalne zmožnosti otrok. Tehnika se lahko uporablja tudi pri reševanju problemov, pri razvoju izdelkov, preoblikovanju literarnih izdelkov na način, da so bolj zanimivi za bralce ipd. (Jesson, 2012).

Po vsem svetu je bilo razvitih več kot 300 tehnik ustvarjanja idej (Hong idr., 2005). Nekatere med njimi so bolj priljubljene, druge manj, in SCAMPER je med slednjimi. V Tajvanu je sicer SCAMPER bil na seznamu 10 najpogosteje uporabljenih tehnik za generiranje idej, a ga uporablja le 1,43 % udeležencev (tehničnih svetovalcev) (Hong idr., 2005). V slovenski raziskavi (Levačič, 2016) velika večina udeležencev (menedžerji in strokovni sodelavci) tehnike SCAMPER ni poznala ali je ni nikoli uporabila. Majhen odstotek udeležencev je poročal, da tehniko uporablja na mesečni (1,2 %) ali tedenski (2,3 %) ravni. 

Tehnika SCAMPER se lahko uporablja individualno ali v skupini in predstavlja akronim za nabor dejanj, ki jih je potrebno uporabiti za miselni problem: S – nadomesti (angl. substitute), C – združi (combine), A – prilagodi (adjust), M – spremeni/povečaj/zmanjšaj (modify/magnify/minimize), P – uporabi za druge namene (put to other uses), E – izloči (eliminate) in R – obrni/preuredi (reverse/rearrange) (Vernon idr., 2016).

Ta dejanja naj bi pomagala spodbuditi pretok novih idej. Vprašanja, ki so del navodil in so opisana v tretjem poglavju seminarske naloge, objavljene spodaj (Uporabnost metode skozi znanstvene raziskave), služijo kot sprožilci za nove ideje, namigi oz. navodila pa se lahko uporabljajo v poljubnem vrstnem redu, zaporedju ali kombinaciji, pri enem problemu niti ni potrebno uporabiti vseh korakov (Vernon idr., 2016).

Tehnika na ta način spodbuja prožen pristop, ki vključuje iskanje in raziskovanje novih smeri, vključno s spremembo perspektive. Tehnika je enostavna za uporabo, saj ne temelji na logičnem pristopu, ampak je intuitivna (Vernon idr., 2016). Tehnika SCAMPER omogoča generiranje novih, ustvarjalnih (Moreno Hernandez idr., 2014 v Vernon idr., 2016) in koristnih idej (Chulvi idr., 2012), v primerjavi z možgansko nevihto pa privede do bolj izvedljivih idej (Lopez-Mesa idr., 2009).

Več o metodi SCAMPER si lahko preberete na spodnji povezavi.

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